GGIS Global Green Island Summit 국제녹색섬서밋

Jeju Special Self-Governing Province

Jeju Island has very distinct characteristics of its own, originating from its geographic nature as an island and the ancient history of state Tamna. With Hallasan at the innermost center of the island, Jeju Island has a beautiful natural scenery of forests and streams with abundant flora and fauna as well as exotic rocks, lakes, ponds, parasitic cones, craters, caves and grasslands that are exquisitely formed. Also, oceans surround the island, forming beautiful cliffs, waterfalls, sandy beaches, small islands and other natural beauties. Those mountains and oceans function as general tourist attractions. On the other hand, the island's local culture, which originated from the Samseonghyeol, or the "three clans' holes", offers a remnant of the ancient state of Tamna, featuring indigenous sites as well as a unique folk and spiritual culture.

Location	Southwest seas of the Republic of Korea		Population	678,772 as of 2017	Area	1,848 ㎢
Climate Information	Overall climate	Temperate Oceanic climate	Language	Korean	Currency	Korean Won (KRW)
	Average annual temperature	15~16℃	International Airport	Jeju International Airport	Key Cities	Jeju City, Seogwipo City
	Average annual precipitation	2,044mm	Time zone	GMT+9
Address	Environment Policy Division, Munyeon-ro 30, Jeju City, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province		Telephone	+82 64 710 6384
Fax	+82 64 710 6019		Homepage	http://www.jeju.go.kr

Geography/Geology	The geography of the Jeju Special Self-Governing Province has Hallasan at the center and is surrounded by gentle slopes of 3˚ to 5˚ from east and west, but the northern and southern parts of the island have more acute slopes of around 5˚. Sedimentary rocks, basalt, trachyandesite, trachyte and other volcanic rocks constitute the geology of Jeju, along with the pyroclastic rocks and other erupted materials from parasitic cones. Most of the land is covered with dark brown volcanic ash soil, with the exception of some mucus soil.
Flora/Fauna	There are polar and tropical animals living on the island that include 77 species of mammal, 198 species of bird, eight species of reptile and amphibian as well as 873 species of insect and 74 species of arachnid. With Hallasan at the center, subtropical, temperate and polar plants are distributed perpendicularly. There are 2,001 species of plant that make the island a rich repository of plant species (Paektusan: around 500 species, Jirisan: around 1,000 species). Eight species of these plants are considered the natural monuments of Korea, therefore the entire area of Hallasan is designated as a national park.
UNESCO's Triple Crown of Jeju Island	Jeju Island is a volcanic island that is 73km long from east to west and 31km long from north to south, forming an oval shape. At the center of the island, Hallasan stands at a height of 1,950m. Jeju Island has a unique volcanic topography with various features that is often described as a "volcano museum", as the entire island was formed by volcanic activities. There are 368 small and large parasitic cones ("oreums" in the Jeju dialect) on the island and around 160 volcanic caves are distributed underneath. This is a rare formation, for just one small island to have so many parasitic cones and caves. Starting from its designation as a biosphere reserve in 2002, Jeju Island achieved UNESCO's Triple Crown by being listed as a world natural heritage site in 2007 and was confirmed as a geopark in 2010. This unprecedented achievement made Jeju Island a 'treasure island of environmental assets' that must be protected and managed by the entire world.
Jeju World Natural Heritage	UNESCO adopted the "Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage" in 1972 and started listing cultures and natural locations that must be protected by mankind as a world natural heritage. This includes cultural, natural and complex heritages. As of 2014, 1,007 heritages from 161 countries have been listed (779 cultural heritages, 197 natural heritages, 21 complex heritages). The world cultural heritages from Korea are the Seokguram, Bulguksa, Haeinsa Janggyeong Panjeon, Jongmyo, Suwon Hwaseong, Changdeokgung, dolmen from Gochang, Hwasoon, Ganghwa as well as the Gyeongju Historic Areas, Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty, Hahoe Folk Village, Yangdong Folk Village and Namhansanseong. In 2007, Jeju Island was listed in the world natural heritage index as "Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes" for the first time. This title includes the Hallasan Natural Reserve Area, Seongsan Ilchulbong and Geomun Oreum Lava Tube System, taking up to about 10 percent of the entire island area. more
Jeju Global Geopark	UNESCO Global Geopark is a program that was made to protect natural heritage areas with outstanding values as geoparks and raise local incomes via tourism vitalizations. The Global Geopark network was established in 2004 through cooperation between UNESCO and the European Geoparks Network (EGN). Currently, 100 areas from 30 countries are listed in the network (as of 2014). Jeju Island was approved as a UNESCO Global Geopark in October of 2010. With various volcanic topographies and geological resources, the entirety of Jeju Island is a Global Geopark. The most representative geosites are Hallasan, the center and symbol of Jeju Island; Suwolbong, the representative research area for underwater volcanos; Sanbangsan, famous for its lava dome; and Yongmeori Beach, with geological features from underwater volcanic activities from the early formation of Jeju Island. Also, there are the Daepodong Jusangjeolli Cliffs where columnar joints can be studied, the Seogwipo Formation of Shellfish Fossils that preserves the marine environment of one million years ago, the Cheonjiyeon Waterfall that shows the process of sedimentary layers along with the formation of streams and waterfalls, Seongsan Ilchulbong, which is well known as an archetypal tuff cone and called "Sunrise Peak", Manjanggul, which is the only available Geomun Oreum Lava Tube System for tourists. In 2014, the three additional geosites of Udo, Biyangdo and Seonheul Gotjawal were added. more
Biosphere Reserve	Biosphere Reserves are areas comprising terrestrial, marine and coastal ecosystems that promote solutions reconciling the conservation of biodiversity with its sustainable use, according to UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB). As of 2011, 564 locations of 109 countries are designated as Biosphere Reserves. Korea's Seoraksan (1982), Jeju Island (2002), Dadohaehaesang National Park (2009) and Korea National Arboretum (2010) are registered as Biosphere Reserves. The Jeju Biosphere Reserve includes Hallasan National Park at the center of the island, two streams (Yeongcheon and Hyodoncheon streams) and three dependent islets (Munseom, Seopseom and Beomseom Islets). Biosphere reserves are traditionally organized into three interrelated zones, known as the core area, the buffer zone, and a transition zone. The core area of the Jeju Biosphere Reserve comprises alpine bushes, evergreen coniferous, deciduous forest and warm temperature evergreen broad-leaved forest. These forests are inhabited by many endangered and indigenous species. The buffer zone surrounds the core area and is designated as a national forest and to be protected as a reserve by the Management of Mountainous Districts Act. more